Subway Restaurants And The Fast Food Restaurant Franchise...

KITCHEN KITCHEN LTD. Introduction of Company: Subway is and American fast food restaurant franchise. That primarily sells sandwiches and salads. Subway is owned and operated by Doctor’s Associates Inc. and doing business as Subway IP Inc. Subway is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world. Subway having 44818 restaurants in 112 countries and territories as of Aug 9, 2016.only the united states has 26880 stores. Subway is the largest single brand chain in the world. Subway international headquarters is located in Milford, Connecticut, U.S. founder of subway restaurant is Fred DeLuca and Peter Buck. Founded in Aug 28, 1965 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, U.S. currently the president of subway is Suzanne Greco. Since 2007, subway has consistently ranked in Entrepreneur magazine’s top 500 franchises list. In which it ranked 2 in 2012. It also ranked 2 as â€Å"Fastest Growing Franchise† and â€Å"Global Franchise† list. Subway restaurants started in NZ in 1994 after seeing potential and opportunity within the fast food industry for great tasting, better food. New Zealand now boasts over 250 stores throughout the country, and Subway restaurants has become a very popular and well respected brand offering high quality product and great service and providing Kiwis with a freshly made, better choice. Subway restaurants continue to grow. Subway’s Mission statement is: â€Å"To provide the tools and the knowledge to allow entrepreneurs to successfullyShow MoreRelatedSubway Marketing Plan Essay example1404 Words   |  6 PagesSUBWAY MARKETING PLAN 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: SUBWAY (restaurants) is an American fast-food franchise owned by Doctor’s Associates, Inc. Subway was founded by Peter Buck and Fred Deluca, with its first restaurant being set up in Bridgeport, U.S in 1965. The franchise runs 38,813 restaurants in 99 countries. Today, the SUBWAY brand is the worlds largest submarine sandwich chain. The SUBWAY franchise provides variety of great testing and healthier foods and the third largest fast food chain. Read MoreWhy Franchise? Why Subway1666 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Franchise. Franchising has attracted some 34,000 people in the UK to invest in their future in self employment. Here are 15 reasons why franchises offer an attractive business opportunity. 1. Established brand value. Prior to launching a franchise, the franchisor has developed and established attractive and meaningful branding for the operation, and as the network of franchisees expands the national recognition of this brand grows. When a franchisee enters into a mature franchisee networkRead MoreSubway Case Analysis Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study #1 Ââ€" Subway Sandwich Shop Analysis Case Study One Ââ€" Subway Sandwich Shop Situation Analysis A situation analysis is an honest valuation of the opportunities and potential problems facing a prospective or existing company. Through analysis a deeper understanding of an industry, competitor and possible options can be examined. Subway Sandwich shops early history roots can be traced back to the summer of 1965, with a $1,000 investment a new venture was born. Fred DeLucaRead MoreFranchising Subway Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesFranchising Subway Franchising has attracted some 34,000 people in the UK to invest in their future in self employment. Here are 15 reasons why franchises offer an attractive business opportunity. 1. Established brand value. Prior to launching a franchise, the franchisor has developed and established attractive and meaningful branding for the operation, and as the network of franchisees expands the national recognition of this brand grows. When a franchisee enters into a mature franchiseeRead MoreFast Food Makes Up A Large Portion Of Many Millions Of Americans904 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Fast food makes up a large portion of many millions of Americans’ diets: every day, one in four Americans visits a fast food restaurant (Schlosser 3). SUBWAY ® is the #1 restaurant chain in total restaurant count with 39,000 locations in 101 countries than any other fast food industry and continue growing rapidly (Fishman, 2013). It has become the world’s most ubiquitous restaurant chain, posting armies of â€Å"sandwich artists† in more outposts in American than McDonald’s and StarbucksRead MoreSubway Assignment986 Words   |  4 PagesSubway Profile Subway â€Å"Eat Fresh, Live Green†. That mission statement right away tells everyone what Subway is all about. Most people would probably consider Subway to be a fast food sandwich shop but as signs in the shop say â€Å"The only fast thing about us is our queue†. Subway wants to delight every customer so that they tell their friends. The first Subway was opened by Fred DeLuca, who had set out to fulfil a dream of becoming a medical doctor and decided thanks to a friend to open a submarineRead MoreMarketing Management Case Analysis1113 Words   |  5 PagesMarketing Management Case Analysis Subway ® Sandwich Shops Abstract Subway ® Sandwich Shops was founded in 1965, and has been franchised into the hearts and stomachs of families all around the world. This highly successful sandwich shop was the dream of high-school graduate Fred DeLuca. With the financial help of long-time friend Dr. Peter Buck, Fred opened the first Subway ™ Sandwich Shop in Bridgeport Connecticut in 1965. By 1974, the pair had opened over 16 shops around ConnecticutRead MoreEssay on Subway Sandwich Shops Situation Analysis1647 Words   |  7 PagesSubway Sandwich Shops Situation Analysis Subway Sandwich, as presented in the Case Study presented in the Marketing Management MGT 551 class, is an undisputed market leader in a segment that is â€Å"firmly established as a nationwide food item for which there is plenty of room in all areas† (University of Phoenix, 2008). However, with a growing competition, changing consumer trends and increased product specialization, Subway’s real strategic marketing challenge is to be able to develop and maintainRead More Success Story: Subway Restaurants Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesSuccess Story: Subway Restaurants Subway Restaurants, the franchised based sandwich shops, has surpassed McDonald’s as the largest restaurant chain in the country. The â€Å"Healthy Choice† promoted chain surpassed the Big Mac of fast food by 148 locations. Subway opened 904 new locations last year, to McDonald’s 295 opened (www.Subway.com). The sandwich franchise began during the summer of 1965. Seventeen year old Fred DeLuca received a loan from a family friend for one thousandRead MoreCorporate Level Of The Mcdonalds1329 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen able to sustain the level of growth of McDonalds. McDonalds began by selling only hamburgers and has expanded its menu as well as its franchises on a global platform. According to Robert Hartley, McDonalds Corporation faced a decline. McDonalds Struggled to grow as a result of constantly opening new stores, the acquisition of other fast-food franchises and a few discrepancies in the McDonalds menu. (Hartley, 2014, p.75). But as I conducted further research, I have come to the understanding

Raymond Carver Neighbors Essay - 1975 Words

Neighbors Neighbors is a short story written by Raymond Carver in 1988. It is from the collection of short stories Short cuts. The short story is in brief about the married couple Bill and Arlene Miller, who lives opposite the married couple Harriet and Jim stone. Bill and Arlene constantly see themselves in the light of the Stones happy life. Bill is a bookkeeper and Arlene is a secretary, while Jim is a salesman for a machine-parts firm. In the story the Stones are going on a business trip combined with a family trip. Bill and Arlene are set to look after the Stones apartment, feeding the cat, Kitty, and water their plants. In the Stones absence Bill and Arlene show themselves from a side you normally dont experience from†¦show more content†¦Ã‚‘ We have a short precise presentation of the two people Bill and Arlene, but they could for that matter had been anybody. They dont stand out in any way and you dont seem to get an inner connection with them through the story due to its very minimalistic form. The story is very contemporary and modern, which means that we dont need any additional background information to read and understand Neighbors. The fact that Carver leaves most of it up to the fantasy gives the reader place to think. That is what characterizes this minimalistic way of writing and its the very thing that gives place for imagining. The interesting thing in the story however isnt the composition or the way of writing. The story hungers to be studied in depth. In Neighbors Carver gets a hold on a very underlying level of the human; that is so to say the way we are when no one else is aroundÂ… When Bill for the first time walks over to feed Kitty he acts completely disrespectfully towards the Stones. He lays some of Harriets prescription pills down in his pocket and he merrily drinks some of their whisky. When he returns home he gets the feeling of having left something back. He has this feeling because he knows it is wrong to sneak around in other peoples apartment and behave like it is ones own Ââ€" he is therefore nervous for his action that might be tracked back to him. He omits telling his wife about it, but the question is also if there really is anything to tell? HeShow MoreRelatedThe Idea, By Raymond Carver And The Death Of Justina1225 Words   |  5 PagesIn both postmodernism short stories, â€Å"The Idea,† by Raymond Carver and â€Å"The Death of Justina,† by John Cheever, the authors critique middle-class and suburban values. In the 1950’s-1960’s the United States and the Soviet Union were at international conflict, which caused th e Pro-American/anti-communist defense line in America. In order not to get hunted down by the FBI the family units needed to project that they were â€Å"good guys† by living in a suburban community with the traditional roles of theRead More Themes in Raymond Carvers Literature Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesThemes in Raymond Carvers Literature In Short Cuts, by Raymond Carver, characters experience trials and problems in their lives, whether extreme such as in A Small, Good Thing and Lemonade or nominal such as in Vitamins. They all seem to depict these struggles as uphill battles which the characters cannot and mostly do not overcome. The characters throughout Carvers Short Cuts struggle through their lives in private desperation, often to ultimately realize that they are bound toRead More Raymond Carvers Neighbors Essay462 Words   |  2 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Neighbors† the speaker’s attention seems to be more directed on the Bill and Arlene Miller. The Millers are a married couple who were once a happy couple but as the years went along they felt grew apart. It seems as though they are too busy comparing their lives to the Harriet and Jim Stone, which are their neighbors, that they don’t have time to fix their marriage. The Stones do what married people should do and that’s â€Å"go out for dinner, or entertaining at home, or travelingRead More Robert Altmans Film Adaptation of Raymond Carvers Short Cuts4363 Words   |  18 PagesRobert Altmans Film Adaptation of Raymond Carvers Short Cuts The characters in Robert Altmans film adaptation of the Raymond Carver anthology Short Cuts think theyre islands entire of themselves. They suspect their lives and their worlds of isolation, alienation, separation, in multiple senses of the words. They fail to see, or perhaps purposely ignore, connections between themselves and those around them, between their actions and the ramifications of those actions. And while a typicalRead MoreThe Most Important American Fiction Writer1661 Words   |  7 PagesRaymond Carver has been called â€Å"the most important American fiction writer in the second half of the twentieth century† and â€Å"the most influential American short story writer since Ernest Hemingway† (Kleepe vii). He was very successful despite his many difficult life experiences. Carver grew up during a very difficult time in America. However, early on, Carver and his wife believed their hard work would eventually pay off despite the challenges in the world aroun d them. They thought it would fix almostRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Cuts By Raymond Carver2189 Words   |  9 Pageseveryone s ashamed to admit. In the book, Short Cuts by Raymond Carver there are clear signs of alcoholism in his characters that also reflected on himself. Carver is a very talented writer and his short stories contain lots of symbolism for the reader to interpret. Carvers’ addiction, mediocre jobs, and family problems was shown through the characters he created in each novel, and the character usually doesn t have a happy ending. Raymond Carver was born Clatskanie, Oregon in 1938, and died in PortRead MoreCritical Analysis of Raymond Carvers Neighbors757 Words   |  4 PagesAll We Really Need in Life is Each Other Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Neighbors† is a moral based story. In the beginning of their marriage Bill and Arlene were very content with one another’s companionship, but now they live in envy of their neighbors, Harriet and Jim. It seemed to the Millers that the Stones live a much more fulfilling life. When Harriet and Jim are away on business/vacation trip they would entrust Bill and Arlene to feed Kitty, water the plants, and look after their apartment. The Miller’sRead MoreIt’S Interesting How Everyone Has A Differing And Personal1659 Words   |  7 Pagesour life we will all experience love whether it’s for a human being or maybe just for your dog. Why is this question so hard to answer? I perceive love in a positive way but on the other hand Raymond perceives love differently. That’s okay because we all have different definitions. Throughout Raymond Carvers short stories he uses disconnection, distrust, and doubt to portray the idea that bad relationships and negative emotions can lead to misconceptions about love. In Carver’s story, â€Å"What We TalkRead MoreLove in Literature2486 Words   |  10 Pagesof the forms of love used in literature. In Simon May’s â€Å"Love: A History†, May mentions agape love, defining it, stating that â€Å"This love is compassionate and giving: the love of neighbor shown by the Good Samaritan† (May pg.177). The use of agape love as a catalyst for positive character development is evident in Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral†. The narrator of the story, who is ignorant and closed–minded, encounters a blind man whose name is Robert. Robert recognizes the narrators closed-mindednessRead MoreWealth Envy in Richard Cory, by Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesshould have been observed. The results of this study seem to indicate how an individual’s self-view is much more dependant on how he stacks up to the neighbors rather than compared to his own previous position. As the level of wealth grows within a community, individuals do not see themselves gaining financial ground on their competitors and neighbors. They only see wha t they still do not have instead of recognizing how much of a better position they are able to enjoy. This constant comparison and

Help for Various as Level History Essays Free Essays

string(112) " loosely linked to the focus of the question or some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support\." version 1. 1 abc General Certificate of Education AS History 1041 Unit 1: HIS1C The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 Mark Scheme 2009 examination – June series This mark scheme uses the new numbering system which is being introduced for examinations from June 2010 The specimen assessment materials are provided to give centres a reasonable idea of the general shape and character of the planned question papers and mark schemes in advance of the operational exams. Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available to download from the AQA Website: www. We will write a custom essay sample on Help for Various as Level History Essays or any similar topic only for you Order Now qa. org. uk Copyright  © 2009 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered centres for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Set and published by the Assessment and Qualifications Alliance. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (company number 3644723) and a registered charity (registered charity number 1073334). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX Dr Michael Cresswell Director General History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) Generic Introduction for AS The AS History specification is based on the assessment objectives laid down in QCA’s GCE History subject criteria and published in the AQA specification booklet. These cover the skills, knowledge and understanding which are expected of A Level candidates. Most questions address more than one objective since historical skills, which include knowledge and understanding, are usually deployed together. Consequently, the marking scheme which follows is a ‘levels of response’ scheme and assesses candidates’ historical skills in the context of their knowledge and understanding of History. The levels of response are a graduated recognition of how candidates have demonstrated their abilities in the Assessment Objectives. Candidates who predominantly address AO1(a) by writing narrative or description will perform at Level 1 or Level 2 depending on its relevance. Candidates who provide more explanation – (AO1(b), supported by the relevant selection of material, AO1(a)) – will perform at high Level 2 or low-mid Level 3 depending on how explicit they are in their response to the question. Candidates who provide explanation with evaluation, judgement and an awareness of historical interpretations will be addressing all 3 AOs (AO1(a); AO1(b): AO2(a) and (b) and will have access to the higher mark ranges. AO2(a) which requires the evaluation of source material is assessed in Unit 2. Differentiation between Levels 3, 4 and 5 is judged according to the extent to which candidates meet this range of assessment objectives. At Level 3 the answers will show more characteristics of the AO1 objectives, although there should be elements of AO2. At Level 4, AO2 criteria, particularly an understanding of how the past has been interpreted, will be more in evidence and this will be even more dominant at Level 5. The demands on written communication, particularly the organisation of ideas and the use of specialist vocabulary also increase through the various levels so that a candidate performing at the highest AS level is already well prepared for the demands of A2. 3 History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) CRITERIA FOR MARKING GCE HISTORY: AS EXAMINATION PAPERS General Guidance for Examiners (to accompany Level Descriptors) Deciding on a level and the award of marks within a level It is of vital importance that examiners familiarise themselves with the generic mark scheme and apply it consistently, as directed by the Principal Examiner, in order to facilitate comparability across options. The indicative mark scheme for each paper is designed to illustrate some of the material that candidates might refer to (knowledge) and some of the approaches and ideas they might develop (skills). It is not, however, prescriptive and should only be used to exemplify the generic mark scheme. When applying the generic mark scheme, examiners will constantly need to exercise judgement to decide which level fits an answer best. Few essays will display all the characteristics of a level, so deciding the most appropriate will always be the first task. Each level has a range of marks and for an essay which has a strong correlation with the level descriptors the middle mark should be given. However, when an answer has some of the characteristics of the level above or below, or seems stronger or weaker on comparison with many other candidates’ responses to the same question, the mark will need to be adjusted up or down. When deciding on the mark within a level, the following criteria should be considered in relation to the level descriptors. Candidates should never be doubly penalised. If a candidate with poor communication skills has been placed in Level 2, he or she should not be moved to the bottom of the level on the basis of the poor quality of written communication. On the other hand, a candidate with similarly poor skills, whose work otherwise matched the criteria for Level 4 should be adjusted downwards within the level. Criteria for deciding marks within a level: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The accuracy of factual information The level of detail The depth and precision displayed The quality of links and arguments The quality of written communication (grammar, spelling, punctuation and legibility; an appropriate form and style of writing; clear and coherent organisation of ideas, including the use of specialist vocabulary) Appropriate references to historical interpretation and debate The conclusion 4 History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) Specimen Mark Scheme for examinations in June 2010 onwards GCE AS History Unit 1: Change and Consolidation HIS1C: The Reformation in Europe, c1500–1564 Question 1 01 Explain why Luther attacked the sale of indulgences in 1517. (12 marks) Target: AO1(a), AO1(b) Generic Mark Scheme Nothing written worthy of credit. 0 L1: Answers will contain either some descriptive material which is only loosely linked to the focus of the question or some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support. You read "Help for Various as Level History Essays" in category "Essay examples" Answers are likely to be generalised and assertive. The response will be limited in development and skills of written communication will be weak. 1-2 L2: Answers will demonstrate some knowledge and understanding of the demands of the question. They will either be almost entirely descriptive with few explicit links to the question or they will provide some explanations backed by evidence that is limited in range and/or depth. Answers will be coherent but weakly expressed and/or poorly structured. 3-6 L3: Answers will demonstrate good understanding of the demands of the question providing relevant explanations backed by appropriately selected information, although this may not be full or comprehensive. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 7-9 L4: Answers will be well-focused, identifying a range of specific explanations, backed by precise evidence and demonstrating good understanding of the connections and links between events/issues. Answers will, for the most part, be well-written and organised. 10-12 Indicative content Candidates will need to be able to link Luther’s own intellectual development with the wider political and religious context. Luther’s hostility towards indulgences had hardened from about 1513 as he developed his solifidian ideas. In particular, their issue had no scriptural basis. However, the formulation of the 95 Theses was sparked off by the aggressive peddling of indulgences by the Dominican Johannes Tetzel at Juterbog, not far from Wittenberg but outside the jurisdiction of Electoral Saxony. Concern, therefore, for the mortal souls of innocent dupes was thus a catalyst for Luther’s protest. On the other hand, Luther’s initial objections were as much the product of the scale of sale and the style of salesmanship as it was a product of a considered theological analysis. The scale of the operation was a consequence of the indebtedness of both Pope Leo X, on account not only of his extravagant lifestyle but also the spiralling cost of rebuilding St. Peters, and the 5 History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) Archbishop of Mainz, in huge debt to the Fuggers because of the amount he had borrowed to secure the simoniacal acquisition of the archbishopric. Tetzel’s sales pitch had included the claim of plenary remission of sins as heinous as raping the Virgin Mary. Question 1 02 How far was the success of the Lutheran movement in Germany due to the reformers’ use of the printing press in the years 1517 to 1555? (24 marks) Target: AO1(a), AO1(b), AO2(b) Generic Mark Scheme Nothing written worthy of credit. 0 L1: Answers may either contain some descriptive material which is only loosely linked to the focus of the question or they may address only a part of the question. Alternatively, there may be some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support. Answers are likely to be generalised and assertive. There will be little, if any, awareness of differing historical interpretations. The response will be limited in development and skills of written communication will be weak. 1-6 L2: Answers will show some understanding of the focus of the question. They will either be almost entirely descriptive with few explicit links to the question or they may contain some explicit comment with relevant but limited support. They will display limited understanding of differing historical interpretations. Answers will be coherent but weakly expressed and/or poorly structured. 7-11 L3: Answers will show a developed understanding of the demands of the question. They will provide some assessment, backed by relevant and appropriately selected evidence, but they will lack depth and/or balance. There will be some understanding of varying historical interpretations. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 12-16 L4: Answers will show explicit understanding of the demands of the question. They will develop a balanced argument backed by a good range of appropriately selected evidence and a good understanding of historical interpretations. Answers will, for the most part, show organisation and good skills of written communication. 17-21 L5: Answers will be well-focused and closely argued. The arguments will be supported by precisely selected evidence leading to a relevant conclusion/judgement, incorporating well-developed understanding of historical interpretations and debate. Answers will, for the most part, be carefully organised and fluently written, using appropriate vocabulary. 22-24 Indicative content Printing had a fundamental role in the success of the Lutheran movement: †¢ this can be traced back to November 1517 when Luther’s 95 Theses were translated and printed in numerous editions, suggesting the existence of an avid and informed readership History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) †¢ †¢ †¢ the 1520 pamphlets sold in large numbers and were pivotal in disseminating Luther’s theological ideas and their relationship to the contemporary political context Luther and his colleagues continued to publish widely, his translation of the Bible proved very influential and the Lutheran message was spread visual ly in huge numbers of woodcuts, which meant that the message could be assimilated by the illiterate as well as the literate n contrast, the Catholic Church responded rather slowly at first to the Lutheran challenge; in the short-term, at any rate, its exploitation of the potential offered by the new technology left much to be desired. Other factors: The importance of printing should be placed in the context of a range of other factors, including: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ the political impetus created by the support for Luther of many German princes the problems faced by Charles V which prevented his prioritising the destruction of the Lutheran threat before 1546 and also prevented him from achieving a triumph even though he had been militarily successful he appeal of Luther’s ideas the social impact of Luther’s teaching (at least until 1525) the impact of preaching the contribution of other reformers, such as Melanchthon. 7 History – AQA G CE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) Question 2 03 Explain why the Anabaptists were suppressed in Munster in 1535. (12 marks) Target: AO1(a), AO1(b) Generic Mark Scheme Nothing written worthy of credit. 0 L1: Answers will contain either some descriptive material which is only loosely linked to the focus of the question or some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support. Answers are likely to be generalised and assertive. The response will be limited in development and skills of written communication will be weak. 1-2 L2: Answers will demonstrate some knowledge and understanding of the demands of the question. They will either be almost entirely descriptive with few explicit links to the question or they will provide some explanations backed by evidence that is limited in range and/or depth. Answers will be coherent but weakly expressed and/or poorly structured. 3-6 L3: Answers will demonstrate good understanding of the demands of the question providing relevant explanations backed by appropriately selected information, although this may not be full or comprehensive. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 7-9 L4: Answers will be well-focused, identifying a range of specific explanations, backed by precise evidence and demonstrating good understanding of the connections and links between events/issues. Answers will, for the most part, be well-written and organised. 10-12 Indicative content Candidates might include some of the following factors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ all authority, both secular and religious, appeared to be challenged by the rule of the ‘Saints’ in Munster; and this encouraged the traditional authorities to take violent action traditional morality was challenged with the introduction of polygamy and was regarded with particular repugnance by socially conservative rulers, both Lutheran and Catholic property rights were challenged with the introduction of a form of communism which was a direct challenge to the basis on which traditional rulership was conducted all existing political authority was rejected. This was a threat which could not be ignored by both the Catholic Bishop and the Lutheran Philip of Hesse. The Anabaptists rejected Bibliocentrism and stressed instead direct divine inspiration, which tended conveniently to reinforce the above points. The result was a dramatic and apocalyptic movement which frightened Catholics and Lutherans alike. This even led the Landgrave of Hesse, the political leader of the Lutheran movement, and the Bishop of Munster to set aside their differences in order to join forces to suppress the ‘Saints’. 8 History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) Question 2 04 How far was the success of the Genevan Reformation to 1564 a result of Calvin’s actions against his opponents? (24 marks) Target: AO1(a), AO1(b), AO2(b) Generic Mark Scheme Nothing written worthy of credit. 0 L1: Answers may either contain some descriptive material which is only loosely linked to the focus of the question or they may address only a part of the question. Alternatively, there may be some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support. Answers are likely to be generalised and assertive. There will be little, if any, awareness of differing historical interpretations. The response will be limited in development and skills of written communication will be weak. 1-6 L2: Answers will show some understanding of the focus of the question. They will either be almost entirely descriptive with few explicit links to the question or they may contain some explicit comment with relevant but limited support. They will display limited understanding of differing historical interpretations. Answers will be coherent but weakly expressed and/or poorly structured. 7-11 L3: Answers will show a developed understanding of the demands of the question. They will provide some assessment, backed by relevant and appropriately selected evidence, but they will lack depth and/or balance. There will be some understanding of varying historical interpretations. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 12-16 L4: Answers will show explicit understanding of the demands of the question. They will develop a balanced argument backed by a good range of appropriately selected evidence and a good understanding of historical interpretations. Answers will, for the most part, show organisation and good skills of written communication. 7-21 L5: Answers will be well-focused and closely argued. The arguments will be supported by precisely selected evidence leading to a relevant conclusion/judgement, incorporating well-developed understanding of historical interpretations and debate. Answers will, for the most part, be carefully organised and fluently written, using appropriate vocabu lary. 22-24 Indicative content Calvin, once he had recovered from early setbacks, made short work of religious opponents, such as Castellio, Bolsec and Servetus. His triumph over Perrin and the Libertines demonstrated the extent of his political as well as his theological control over Geneva. The discipline thus engendered made Geneva an even more successful centre of reform, becoming in effect the hub of a huge missionary movement. Other factors help to explain the success of reform in Geneva, including: †¢ †¢ the importance of Calvin’s writing and preaching should not be underestimated church organisation was important in holstering reform in Geneva 9 History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) †¢ †¢ †¢ Calvin’s authority was bolstered by such institutions as the Consistory and the Grabeau the assistance of the Genevan Council, once it had been purged of Calvin’s opponents, was critical he Genevan Academy became an important institution for the training of Calvinist clergy, though, as it was only founded in 1559, its impact by 1564 was necessarily limited. Question 3 05 Explain why many new orders developed within the Catholic Church in the early sixteenth century (before 1540). (12 marks) Target: AO1(a ), AO1(b) Generic Mark Scheme Nothing written worthy of credit. 0 L1: Answers will contain either some descriptive material which is only loosely linked to the focus of the question or some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support. Answers are likely to be generalised and assertive. The response will be limited in development and skills of written communication will be weak. 1-2 L2: Answers will demonstrate some knowledge and understanding of the demands of the question. They will either be almost entirely descriptive with few explicit links to the question or they will provide some explanations backed by evidence that is limited in range and/or depth. Answers will be coherent but weakly expressed and/or poorly structured. 3-6 L3: Answers will demonstrate good understanding of the demands of the question providing relevant explanations backed by appropriately selected information, although this may not be full or comprehensive. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 7-9 L4: Answers will be well-focused, identifying a range of specific explanations, backed by precise evidence and demonstrating good understanding of the connections and links between events/issues. Answers will, for the most part, be well-written and organised. 10-12 Indicative content The process of Catholic renewal was exemplified by the creation and activity of new orders within the Church, mostly in central and northern Italy. A number of factors help to explain their emergence: †¢ †¢ †¢ there was clearly a ‘rising spirituality’ particularly amongst a number of committed churchmen such as Gaetano di Thiene there was an increasing perception that traditional monasticism was no longer able to provide the spiritual impetus and evangelising which the Church needed there was a willingness on the part of wealthy patrons to support the orders’ spiritual aims 10 History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) there is clear evidence that the foundation of some orders was a response to the social misery which characterised parts of Italy in the 1520s. Question 3 06 How important was the Papacy in reforming the Catholic Church in the years 1534 to 1564? (24 marks) Target: AO1(a), AO1(b), AO2(b) Generic Mark Scheme Noth ing written worthy of credit. 0 L1: Answers may either contain some descriptive material which is only loosely linked to the focus of the question or they may address only a part of the question. Alternatively, there may be some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support. Answers are likely to be generalised and assertive. There will be little, if any, awareness of differing historical interpretations. The response will be limited in development and skills of written communication will be weak. 1-6 L2: Answers will show some understanding of the focus of the question. They will either be almost entirely descriptive with few explicit links to the question or they may contain some explicit comment with relevant but limited support. They will display limited understanding of differing historical interpretations. Answers will be coherent but weakly expressed and/or poorly structured. 7-11 L3: Answers will show a developed understanding of the demands of the question. They will provide some assessment, backed by relevant and appropriately selected evidence, but they will lack depth and/or balance. There will be some understanding of varying historical interpretations. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 12-16 L4: Answers will show explicit understanding of the demands of the question. They will develop a balanced argument backed by a good range of appropriately selected evidence and a good understanding of historical interpretations. Answers will, for the most part, show organisation and good skills of written communication. 17-21 Answers will be well-focused and closely argued. The arguments will be supported by precisely selected evidence leading to a relevant conclusion/judgement, incorporating well-developed understanding of historical interpretations and debate. Answers will, for the most part, be carefully organised and fluently written, using appropriate vocabulary. 22-24 L5: Indicative content The impact of the papacy during this period was, at best, variable. Paul III, despite his evident corruption and shortcomings, set up in 1536 the commission which produced the reform proposals contained in the Consilium†¦de Emendanda Ecclesia. Despite papal sponsorship, the Consilium achieved only a small proportion of its objectives, which might reinforce a critical stance concerning Paul III as a proponent of reform. On the other hand, he did set up the Council of Trent, though it achieved little during his pontificate. His successor, Julius III, had little interest in reform, though he did keep the Council in session. Paul IV, though genuinely 11 History – AQA GCE Mark Scheme SPECIMEN (June 2010 onwards) interested in reform, almost destroyed the reforming impetus on account of his divisiveness, antagonising both ecclesiastical colleagues such as Cardinal Morone and key Catholic monarchs such as Charles V, Philip II and Ferdinand. Pius IV managed to assuage Paul IV’s bitter legacy and, most importantly, set the Council of Trent back in motion and drove it to a successful conclusion. Other factors assisted the process of reform: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ the effects of the New Orders the early work of the Jesuits the eventual assertiveness of the Council of Trent reforming bishops. 12 How to cite Help for Various as Level History Essays, Essay examples