Twelfth Night Analysis Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night Analysis Essay William Shakespeares Twelfth Night is set in a province called Illyria on the coast of Italy. The play is about a brother and sister, Sebastian and Viola, who are separated after a shipwreck, and both think the other has drowned. The play tells the tale of how they were eventually reunited. There are a wide range of characters in the play; ranging from Malvolio, Olivias steward, who is very self-centred with no sense of humour to Sir Toby who is always out enjoying himself and really just lives a life of pleasure. A caring character is Viola; she is not ne to upset other people. Olivia receives a lot of sympathy because she is mourning for her brother. Orsino has a comfortable but useless existence. He is rich but sits moping about love all day. All of these characters are different and each have their faults such as Sir Toby may be criticised for taking a lot of Sir Andrews money whereas Violas fault is that she is too nice, never wanting to cause anyone any harm. This is a fault be cause it may hold her back from doing a something that she should. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth Night Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I think that Shakespeare has given the characters faults to ake them more interesting and realistic. Malvolio tries to impress Olivia but it does not work. Although she respects him she does not favour him, as he thinks, for having a good job. He is good at his job but should enjoy himself instead of thinking himself all the time. This is one thing that makes him an unlikeable character also he considers himself to be superior to other characters but no one really likes him and he does not know what they really think of him. Although he mostly cares about himself some of his love goes to Olivia. I think that he wants to be romantic but has a hard time expressing his feelings or does not want people to know what hes really like. His character does not really develop throughout the play, and I disliked him as much at the end as I did at the start of the play. Sir Toby is a likeable character because he does not care what anyone thinks of him, if they do not like him, they will just have to put up with it. People think he should be a respectable gentleman and act his age but he finds acting like everyone else stuffy and claustrophobic. Sir Toby is certainly not a model gentleman but when he drinks his behaviour is even worse. He does not have a lot of money. He may have had more but living a life of pleasure has changed that. He is criticised for living a life of pleasure but at least, unlike some other characters, he is genuine, he does not try to be anything he is not, and this is one of the reasons why Maria loves him. Although Sir Toby is a likeable Character his practical jokes do tend to get tiresome as the play wears on. Olivia, Sir Tobys niece, is not ike him at all. She is a well off countess who is respectable and acts the way she should. Olivia receives a lot of sympathy because she has lost her father and her brother, but Sir Toby does not think that her grieving is genuine. Olivia is quite a likeable character but I think that she is taking it a bit too far, saying she will never love another man again. It is likely that she enjoys all of the attention and sympathy that she is getting. Viola, the sister of Sebastian, has a lot going for her; she is intelligent, tactful, honest nd well educated and able to deal with people better than the other characters. She is a caring character who likes to get things done, she isnt one to just sit back and do nothing or let others do things for her. Being caring is one of Violas main features. She does not like to upset or hurt people and she would not mock people or make fun of them behind their backs. She carried out her commands and even though she was put in an awkward position she did not refuse for fear of upsetting someone. Some of Violas lines are he most poetic of the entire play and therefore, perhaps, are the ones which will be remembered the most. Duke Orsino does not seem to have much character or personality. .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b , .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .postImageUrl , .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b , .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b:hover , .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b:visited , .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b:active { border:0!important; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b:active , .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4bea9f9b2829dc9e8b39faae14048a5b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison Contrast of A Brave New World and 1984 EssayHe seems not to do very much, he has an almost useless existence; he just sits about moping about love. He is rich and has a comfortable existence with lots of servants. He seems young and immature, and does not have the same wisdom or knowledge as Viola and Sir Toby do. He is not an imposing figure, but it is possible that there is more to him than meets the eye. Orsino has ried with Maria but has not succeeded because she is in love with Sir Toby. It is too hard to form an opinion of him because he isnt a very noticeable character. I think that Viola emerges with credit at the end of the play because her only fault is that she is too nice so she could not be criticised for anything. Two characters who I think come out of the play badly are Sir Toby and Malvolio. Both of these characters can be annoying at times, and although Toby may have started off well he does end up quite boring, whereas Malvolio, on the other hand, was never a likeable character. Twelfth Night Analysis Essay Example For Students Twelfth Night Analysis Essay of Othello as a tragic hero and his correspondence to the canons for tragic protagonists. Othello and Aristotles Definition of Tragedy To decide how well Othello fits into the mold of a tragic hero, one needs to accept in the first place a working definition of tragedy and tragic hero. The theorists exploring tragedy almost universally draw upon the classic account of this play variety in Aristotles Poetics. The prominent Greek philosopher defined a heroic tragedy in the following way: A truly tragic plot is a disastrous reversal of fortune, coming, through his own fault, to a man of essentially noble quality, accompanied by the discovery that some other person or persons are not what they had seemedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ test of a great tragedy is its power to cleanse the beholders emotions through the pity and fear which it awakens in them Othello: the tragic hero. This cleansing that is realised through pity and fear was termed catharsis and is an indispensable feature of any tragedy. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth Night Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Besides, a tragedy needs a character of noble quality, guilty of some kind of fault that brings about tragic events. A tragedy also has to present to the reader a plot possessing some logical unity and completion and the one that contains engaging action. Aristotle also specified that a tragedy has to include appropriate linguistic devices that serve to bring out its meaning Time and the tragic hero. Most critics stopped short of saying that Shakespeare was aware of Aristotelian theories and took them as a guide for writing Time and the tragic hero; Djordjevic 2003. However, his tragedies reveal strict adherence to Aristotles theory, and Othello is no exception. Whether this correspondence was caused by a thorough study of Aristotles works or through an accidental coincidence of thoughts of two geniuses of the worlds culture remains a matter for guessing. Thus, the play definitely possesses a noble character, Othello. The mans nobility of action contrasts with his dark-colored appearance, unusual for Europe of that time. Othello proved himself to be a noble warrior deserving of the highest respect. He never acts dishonestly or cowardly throughout the play; in fact, nobility is one of the most important features of his character. Yet he fails through his own fault, and this fault is his credibility. An essentially good feature, it is taken to extremes in Othello, which causes his demise. He never stoops to questioning Desdemona. He is so absorbed in what Iago tells him that he never questions the words of the villain. At the time when the vicious Iago weaves his web of conspiracy, gullible Othello greets him with the words: I know thou art full of love and honesty. Therefore, Othello is not with bitterness, confessing that his ruin was brought about by his own failure: O cursed, cursed slave! Whip me, ye devils, from the possession of the heavenly sight! Blow me about the winds! roast me in sulphur! O Desdemona, Desdemona Dead! O! O! O! Othello as a play also fits Aristotle description as it contains logical unity and coherence that is a necessary component of tragedy. The play starts from the moment of idyllic honeymooning between Othello and Desdemona and follows Iagos treacherous plan from inception to its tragic success. Othellos sufferings in youth and the story of his courtship stay behind the scene, but in Othellos account they form an logical background for the action observed by the viewer. Othello evokes in the readers both pity and fear. They are pressured to feel sorry for the man who so sadly loses his wife due to a conspiracy. The pity for Othello even exceeds the feeling for Desdemona who is merely a victim; she does not have to suffer the pangs of conscience for what she has done. At the same time pity is not the only feeling Othello evokes in the readers or viewers. He also raises fear as a man capable of such a savage revenge, killing a wife on the spot for the alleged adultery. It seems that even at the time of more stringent morality such as mediaeval Italy not every husband would go that far as to kill the adulteress. This is even less likely in Elizabethan England, and so had to seem even wilder to Shakespeares contemporaries. Othellos reaction demonstrates that he was a man of extremely hot temper and strong emotions, capable of venting his sentiments in a very violent way. Othello: A Stock Comic Character? .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd , .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .postImageUrl , .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd , .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd:hover , .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd:visited , .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd:active { border:0!important; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd:active , .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e32c7f3a178f5673b35f05a7039e9bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Night Of The Hunter: The Preacher EssayAlthough the standard view is to see Othello as a purely tragic character, other, mopre unusual interpretations are possible. Igor Djordjevic in his article Goodnight Desdemona Good Morning Juliet: From Shakespearean Tragedy to Postmodern Satyr Play points out an interesting aspect of Othellos character. In his view, Othello could have been a comic fellow instead, and he is inverted into a tragic hero by the playwright. Othello is a character typical of comedies; a husband whose wife is much younger and more beautiful, and thus raises fears of being deceived. However, Othello does not fit into the regular model of a husband whose worries are to be derided. At the outset of the play he appears as a lover who must obtain the legitimization of his courtship of Desdemona, and he must overcome the multiple obstacles of the senex, racial prejudice, and religious charges of witchcraft Djordjevic 2003. It is his painful pursuit of Desdemona whom he had to steal to be able to marry her that wins him the hearts of the reader. Shakespeare depicts the trials of Othello, a victim to racial bias, in such a way that the reader begins to sympathise with the late love of this great man, the swan song of his life that is already to some degree tragic. Seeing him lose what he worked so hard to attain endears him to the reader even more. Othello evokes pity in the reader partly due to the fact that he experienced so many hardships in life that the skilful narrative of these hardships eventually won him Desdemonas heart: She loved me for the dangers I had passed, And I loved her that she did pity them. The playwright tries here to instil in the reader sympathy with the old soldier who fought desperately for his love going through many hardships. The listener responds by saying I think this tale would win my daughter too, and this approval symbolically à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ upon him the approval and affection of the fictional worlds power structures Djordjevic 2003. Is Othello Real? Now we will turn in our discussion to a possible objection to the fact that Othello is a tragic hero. Some criticism of his belonging to this category comes from the speculation concerning the realism and probability conveyed by Othello which suggests that because of the seeming unlikelihood of the events in the play, it is not characteristic of a tragedy Sharina. Indeed, the plot develops in a rather speedy manner and the playwright does not elaborate on Othellos or other characters. Even so, the action seems unrealistic only at first glance. First, it is a mode of the artist to show the public the unusual and the unexpected basing these things on the knowledge of everyday things that are familiar to everybody. Shakespeare here makes his audience see jealousy in a new light, and it is no wonder that the name of Othello has come to be a generic name for a jealous husband. It is positive that reading through the story had a deterrent effect on the behaviour of many violent husbands who could have stopped short of beating their wives to death in a family quarrel provoked by suspicions of infidelity. And is such a scenario an unlikely one? Women die in family battles even in most developed nations of the world today, and the examination of domestic violence statistics may show that wife murder is unfortunately still a prevalent phenomenon even after centuries of struggle for gender equality and reduction of crime rate. If we consider that things that are unusual in our own environment may unfortunately be prevalent in the lives of other social groups, we will see that events in Othello are not that unusual. The fact that Othello is easily persuaded to murder his wife by Iago should not be regarded as totally unrealistic either. This is what Aristotle would describe as hamartia à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the characters tragic flaw. For Othello, it is his naivetÃÆ' © and credulousness. His devotion comes to be exploited by one of the most ingenious villains in the history of literature. Iagos motives appear clear. Indeed, so many evil actions are committed every day due to jealousness that Iagos behaviour should not be surprising. In this character, viciousness is combined with deep psychological insight and potential for intrigue that are worthy of a better application. To count as Othellos close friend and ally, Iago had to be an outstanding player skilfully performing the part of the devoted ensign. He manipulates Othello to bring about his ruin in a way in which Othello would never be able to manipulate him. The events in the play may lead the reader to question why Othello is so ready to trust Iago and unwilling to trust his beloved wife Desdemona, a fact that generates the protagonists tragic flaw. .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c , .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .postImageUrl , .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c , .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c:hover , .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c:visited , .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c:active { border:0!important; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c:active , .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9596c343747ab067670ec7e2795c610c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How To Cite A Short Story In An EssayThere several possible explanations for this apparently surprising behavior. First, Othello has come to rely on Iago in numerous mutual adventures where both risked their lives. The time itself spent together justifies the trust Othello puts in Iago. Perhaps to that point he had never come across the betrayal of a close male friend, except for Cassio, but there the conflict, in Iagos suggestion, was caused by the woman. Second, Othellos relationship with Desdemona arrived at the time when he probably had lost hope for a happy family life. She appeared as a star on the horizon to illuminate his life, and all the time he probably doubted that he could be a proper match for the beautiful girl she was. The idea that she is betraying him with someone else, someone younger, more handsome and closer to her in terms of background, social rank and status, falls on ready ears. This is something Othello had feared to hear for a long time, in spite of the seemingly idyllic love between him and his wife. Thus, Othellos actions seem closer and more understandable to us than seems at first glance. And it is action, not characterization that makes a tragedy, according to Aristotle Sharina. That is why he is a real tragic character. Comparison to Other Tragic Heroes Othello is similar to and different from other characters in other plays by Shakespeare. Of all the characters, he probably falls most of all due to his own tragic fault, and Aristotles hamartia is most evident in this case. Other characters such as King Lear, Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo, have to fight evil in a more open form. Hamlet, for instance, has to deal with the betrayal of his father-in-law and mother. True, he has to obtain proof of their betrayal, which is the reason he suspends the revenge desired by his father. But there is hardly a reason to blame Hamlet from the point of view of modern liberal criminal justice that places emphasis on preserving the rights of the suspected. Hamlet acts on the evidence he has, and his indecisiveness is the direct consequence of his responsible attitude towards revenge. King Lear, in his turn, falls victim to his paternal feelings. His misfortune was brought about by his extreme trust in his daughters, but few readers would expect a father to act in distrust of ones children. Mothers and fathers forsaking all they have for their children are praised and respected in our society that highly appreciates such behavior. The fact that daughters turned out to lack gratitude is an example of undisguised evil that can, as many people think, happen to the best of parents. These two characters are definitely not villains; rather, they fall prey to evil people eager to take advantage of some traits of their characters that under other circumstances are most worthy. Strictly speaking, their actions cannot even be named mistakes from the moral, not strategic, point of view. Macbeth, on the other hand, is a straightforward villain, and his ruin is the result of his own treacherous acts. He yields to ambition, killing Duncan, to become King of Scotland. A virtuous reader has little ground to associate oneself with this character and simply observes a tale of how a villain is brought to ruin through his deeds. Othello, on the other hand, is essentially a moral person who fails through making a terrible mistake. Conclusion Thus, Othello is a bona fide tragic hero, even if he is not a man of unusual stature or appearance. He possesses all the vital traits of the tragic character, noble qualities, pure character, and a tragic fault, his naivetÃÆ' © that makes him vulnerable to the intrigues of his antagonist, Iago. A staple comic character, a deceived husband, he is turned into a really tragic personage by the sympathy with which Shakespeare describes his misfortune. His tribulations, although somewhat unrealistic at first glance, are in line with the everyday happenings even in contemporary world. Othello stands out from other tragic heroes, because he falls through his own flaw and yet his flaw is so minor that is incomparable with the misfortunes he suffers.

Discover Amazing Manta Ray Facts

Discover Amazing Manta Ray Facts Manta rays are the largest rays in the world. There are at least two species of mantas. Manta birostris is the giant oceanic manta and Manta alfredi is the reef manta. Their appearance is similar and the range of the two species overlaps, but the giant manta is more often found on the open ocean while the reef manta visits shallower, coastal waters. Fast Facts: Manta Ray Scientific Name: Manta sp.Other Names: Devil ray, Giant manta, Mobula sp.Distinguishing Features: Massive ray with a triangular shape, cavernous mouth, and paddle-shaped lobes in front of its mouthAverage Size: 7 meters (M. birostris); 5.5 m (M. alfredi)Diet: Carnivorous filter feederLifespan: Up to 50 yearsHabitat: Tropical and subtropical oceans worldwideConservation Status: Vulnerable (Population Decreasing)Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ChondrichthyesSubclass: ElasmobranchiiOrder: MyliobatiformesFamily: MobulidaeFun Fact: Mantas regularly visit reef cleaning stations to have external parasites removed. Description The name manta means mantle or cloak, which is an accurate description of the animals form. Manta rays have triangular pectoral fins, broad heads, and gill slits on their ventral surfaces. Their horn-shaped cephalic fins have earned them the nickname devil ray. Both species of ray have small, square teeth. The species differ in the structure of their dermal denticles, color patterns, and tooth patterns. Most mantas are black or dark-colored on top with marked shoulders and pale undersides. The ventral surface may have distinctive dark marks. All-black animals also occur. M. birostris has a spine near its dorsal fin, but it is incapable of stinging. M. birostris reaches 7 m (23 ft) in width, while M. alfredi reaches 5.5 m (18 ft) in width. A large manta can weight up to 1350 kg (2980 lb). Manta rays must move forward to pass oxygenated water over their gills. The fish swim basically by flapping their pectoral fins and flying underwater. Despite their large size, mantas frequently breach into air. The fish have one of the highest brain-to-body mass ratios and are believed to be highly intelligent. Manta rays must swim forward to breathe. Gregory Sweeney / Getty Images Distribution Manta rays live in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. They have been seen as far north as North Carolina in the United States (31Â °N)Â  and as far south as New Zealand (36Â °S), although they only venture into temperate seas when the water temperature is at least 20 Â °C (68 Â °F). Both species are pelagic, found mainly in the open ocean. They are common in coastal waters from spring to fall. They migrate as far as 1000 km (620 mi) and occur at depths ranging from sea level down to 1000 m (3300 ft). During the day, manta rays swim near the surface. At night, they venture deeper. Manta ray distribution. maplab Diet Manta rays are carnivorous filter feeders that prey upon zooplankton, including krill, shrimp, and crab larvae. Mantas hunt by sight and smell. A manta herds its prey by swimming around it so the current collects the plankton. Then, the ray speeds through the ball of food with a wide-open mouth. The cephalic fins channel particles into the mouth, while the gill arches collect them. Predators Killer whales and large sharks prey upon mantas. Cookie cutter sharks, which take round cookie-shaped bites from their prey, can inflict potentially fatal damage. Rays are susceptible to a variety of parasites. They routinely visit reef cleaning stations for wound cleaning and ectoparasite removal. The ability of each fish to revisit cleaning stations is considered evidence manta rays construct mental maps of their surroundings. Reproduction Mating occurs at different times of the year and depends on the mantas geographic location. Courtship appears to involve fish swimming in trains, often during the full moon. During mating, the male almost always grasps the females left pectoral fin. He then turns so the two are belly-to-belly and inserts a clasper into her cloaca. Gestation is believed to take 12 to 13 months. The egg cases hatch inside the female. Eventually, one to two pups emerge. Females usually give birth every two years. Males mature when they are younger and smaller than females. Females usually mature around 8 to 10 years of age. Mantas may live up to 50 years in the wild. Manta Rays and Humans Historically, manta rays were worshipped or feared. It wasnt until 1978 that divers demonstrated the animals were gentle and would interact with humans. Today, some of the best success protecting manta rays has come from ecotourism. Fishing a manta for its meat, skin, or for gill rakers for Chinese traditional medicine can earn hundred of dollars. However, each ray can bring in $1 million in tourism dollars over its lifetime. Scuba divers are most likely to encounter the great fish, but tourism in the Bahamas, Hawaii, Indonesia, Australia, Spain, and other countries makes it possible for anyone to view mantas. While the rays are not aggressive, care must be taken to avoid touching the fish because disrupting its mucous layer makes it susceptible to injury and infection. Mantas are not aggressive toward humans. James R.D. Scott / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN Red List classifies both M. alfredi and M. birostris as vulnerable with an elevated risk of extinction. While mantas are protected by many countries, their numbers are declining because of migration through unprotected waters, overfishing, bycatch, entanglement in fishing gear, ingestion of microplastics, water pollution, boat collisions, and climate change. Local populations face a severe threat because there is little interaction between subpopulations. Because of the fishs low reproductive rate, its unlikely mantas in unprotected areas can recover, particularly from overfishing. However, a few public aquariums are large enough to house manta rays. These include the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, the Atlantis Resort in the Bahamas, and the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium in Japan. The aquarium in Okinawa has successfully birthed manta rays in captivity. Sources Ebert, David A. (2003). Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras of California. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23484-0.Marshall, A. D.; Bennett, M. B. (2010). Reproductive ecology of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi in southern Mozambique. Journal of Fish Biology. 77 (1): 185–186. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02669.xParsons, Ray (2006). Sharks, Skates, and Rays of the Gulf of Mexico: A Field Guide. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-60473-766-0.White, W. T.; Giles, J.; Dharmadi; Potter, I. (2006). Data on the bycatch fishery and reproductive biology of mobulid rays (Myliobatiformes) in Indonesia. Fisheries Research. 82 (1–3): 65–73. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2006.08.008

Arbitrator can determine the proper law

Arbitrator can determine the proper law Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Arbitrator can determine the proper law The significance of the international arbitration is that one of the foreign legal system and a foreign country is involved, thus they have the ease to affect the deal with the procedural rules and the legal issues of the dispute, it also has a bearing on the cost, the obtaining of the evidence and enforcing an award in a country which may be different from that of the dispute.   [ 1 ]   The question that needs to be in mind while resolving a dispute is that what will be the principles for establishing, which applicable laws will be applied to the arbitration.   [ 2 ]    S (46) (3) of the Arbitration Act 1996   [ 3 ]   , â€Å"is concerned with the situation in which there is no express choice of law, and here the arbitrators are empowered to determine the conflict of laws rules which should apply, and then to apply those conflict of laws rules to decide which law should apply to the contract.†Ã‚   [ 4 ]   The question t hat arises is that the choice suggested by the arbitrator of the applicable rules is that correct and secondly is its application a correct. It is however stated that if the arbitrator has to decide under the English court jurisdiction then the English law would be applicable under the Rome Convention 1980   [ 5 ]   and is therefore stated that if it is not decided with certainty then the that law is decided to which the contract is most closely connected to.   [ 6 ]    In an submission to an agreement it is important to choose the relevant laws that will be applicable in an agreement because if they are expressly stated then in that way they are substantive issues to the disputes and its always better to draft them in a submission agreement, but if the express and the implied choice of law is not made by the parties then in that case the choice of law is determined by the law of seat of the arbitration and the contract as a whole as well.   [ 7 ]    The Seat of arbitrat ion is described in the S (3) of the Arbitration Act 1996   [ 8 ]   which describe that it is essential to have seat for arbitration which defines the geographical location of the arbitration as well as the procedural law, the seat may be different as well e.g. The LCIA ( London Court Of International Arbitration Rules).   [ 9 ]    A number of cases in different jurisdiction which has taken the law appropriate to govern the arbitration agreement. The case of C V D   [ 10 ]   this case emphasis on the even though, in the contract it was stated that, the contract is to be governed by the New York law, the Court of Appeal decided that English law will apply, because it was expressly stated by the parties that any in case of any dispute the issue will be finally resolved in London under the Arbitration Act 1996. To support the judgment the English court gave a list of cases to support the idea, where it was stated that the case will be decided according to the English law wh ere it was made specific that Arbitration Act 1996, other cases such as, Xl insurance Ltd v Owens corning   [ 11 ]   and Noble assurance company and shell petroleum inc v Gerling Konzern general Insurance Company Uk branch   [ 12 ]   . In the case of Black Clawson   [ 13 ]   it was stated that it would be a rare case in which the law of arbitration would not be a seat of arbitration.

Impacts of Outdoor Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Impacts of Outdoor Learning - Essay Example Most educators in the field of education mostly prefer experimental learning over other learning methods, like the lecture method which they claim to be more of teacher centred than student centred. Studies indicate that lessons that are designed to meet the demands of the learners, especially through discovery are more inclined to yield more results than lessons that are more concerned with the tutors (Martin, 2006). Marg (2008) indicates that outdoor learning is that which is organized to fit the learners in the outdoor, with the environment manipulated to fit the needs of the learners. The main learning resource, in this case, is the environment, that allows for learning via action as well as reflection of concepts being taught in the classroom. Reflection, in this case, takes place through use of role play, learner games and narratives amongst others. Through these learning tools, the educators are able to learners tend to change their way of thinking on the manner in which they view the concepts being taught. Of more weight, is the argument by Geoff (2008) who indicates that the kind of knowledge that was confined in the classroom is no longer applicable in contemporary learning environment. Teachers must come up with systems that allow the learners be active in the learning environment, an aspect that allows them interact one on one with the real life environment. If the teachers assume the role of ‘preachers’ in the classroom, chances are that the learners will result to rote learners who will assume education as a part time. Teachers must the source of experience givers, and make the learning environment as constructive as possible. 2.0. Body 2.1. Literature review According to Bilton (2010), outdoor learning is a channel in which the educator opens innovative opportunities for learners to grasp the concepts being taught in the classroom. Experimental learning is a practical method of teaching and learning that allows the learners venture i nto milieus that they had not been conversant with prior to subjection to the concept being taught in the learning environment. Through outdoor learning, the monotony of the classroom environment and the normal lectures and group discussions are evaded by the learners. Of essence, the learners are given the opportunity to ankle new discoveries in the environment that are relation to the concepts being educated in schools. As much as some critics’ dispute that outdoor learning may give minimal results during learning, the direct point of discussion is that a difference is noted, regardless of how tiny it may sound. This leads to the definition of the learning process, which indicates any form of change that is experienced in the learners after imposition of any form of instruction (Bunting, 2006). In this case, therefore, it would be justified to make the assumption that no matter how minute, outdoor learning has created a lot of changes in the learners. Additionally, research conducted by Sampson & Adelsberger (2008) indicates that outdoor learning has made exceptional changes in the field of education. With time, learners have been seen to develop a positive attitude towards discovery of concepts on their own, which has produced tremendous outcomes on the performance of the learners, a concept which Weaver& Bodzin (2010) refer to as active students. It is evident that

Is Gene Therapy Permissable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Gene Therapy Permissable - Essay Example The procedure of gene therapy involves replacement of a defective gene with an accurate one or thump a mutated gene that has lost its activity by establishing a novel gene to eradicate an anomaly. Besides promises that the therapy bestows, the process presents numerous possibilities of unavoidable hazards which need to be well thought-out before the therapy is declared safe and effective. The inserted gene does not function inside the cell on its own, instead a vector is required to transport a gene, these vectors are modified viruses for instance retrovirus which is capable of binding with the chromosome in human cell, on the other hand adenovirus only release DNA into the nucleus of cell. The process of injection is either performed intravenously into a definite tissue or patient's cells are removed and insertion in performed under laboratory conditions, then the cells are inserted back into the host to rectify the protein function. In these cases, the question that keeps pondering is how far we are benefitted? Are we getting the desired results? Medically, it is evident that the results procured may possibly be devastating as the gene inserted could alter the physiological functions or controls the actions of other gene(s) as well, where the motive of gene therapy is to relieve suffering the process may end up into a challenging disaster! Genetic therapy could be the first line of help to those who are facing premature death but the process of genetic enhancement then paves the way for human selfish motifs that results in genetic hazard making the process of gene therapy ethically precarious. There is a very thin line of demarcation between treatment and enhancement, what is considered to be the disease in one society could not be considered an anomaly in other, for instance colour blindness is considered as a grave issue in Africa where as it is not considered to be a serious issue in USA. Thus the social bias and outlook becomes imperative in judgement. It is essential to understand that gene therapy could direct to such a social network where society is going to be entirely homogeneous, where people possess same aspirations and longing with similar values and any divergence from this is believed to be a disease (Murphy, 1994)! The predicament of gene therapy illustrates that gene therapy is capable of repairing any defect on somatic cells encompassing muscles or brain tissues. It is a serious ethical quandary to exploit gene therapy further than health. The process engage genetic enhancements in terms of greater intelligence, sharper memories, disease free physiology (Sandel). It is unethical to take drugs and play, it is unethical to determine the sex of the child before birth, it is unethical to copy and write in an examination, it is unethical to use calculators where it is prohibited to use, it is unethical to drive at a speed which is not permissible, it is unethical to kill someone, it is unethical to commit an abuse, it is un ethical to do robbery! All these and many more are the issues that pose a tag of being unethical; if an individual commits any one of these as it is against the set social norms, but, what one should say if gene therapy is demanding to make things better through genetic manipulations! Is it ethical to manipulate the future generation as per the needs of parents? Does the future progeny possess no right to have his own autonomy in the sense of

Syllabus Essay Example for Free

Syllabus Essay Lon Kurashige and Alice Yang Murray, Major Problems in Asian American History (Houghton Mifflin Co. , 2003). ISBN 0618077340. 2. John Luther Long, Madame Butterfly (General Books, 2009). Available free online at http://xroads. virginia. edu/~hyper/long/contents. html 3. David Henry Hwang, M Butterfly (Dramatists Play Service, Inc. , 1998). 4. Lac Suh, I Love Yous Are for White People: A Memoir (P. S. ) (Harper Perennial, 2009). ISBN 978-0061543661. Grades – All grades are determined by your TA 20% Section participation 20% Paper 1 20% Paper 2 20% Midterm 20% Non-cumulative final exam What you should expect: Papers: You will be writing two papers. The first should include all relevant readings and lectures up to David Henry Hwang on the syllabus; the second should include all relevant materials up to and including Lac Suh. All papers should have a unique central argument and be between 4-6 pages in length. Please include an original title that reflects your argument, use 12 pt Times New Roman or Times only, and print double-spaced, double-sided. All papers must be submitted in hard copy AND to turnitin. com. Students taking this course agree to this requirement. Your essay will be marked 1/3 step down for every day it is late. (Saturday + Sunday = 2 days. After class on the day due = 1 day. A 1/3 step is from an A to an A-, A- to B+, etc. ) Any requests for extensions will be decided by the TA except in extenuating circumstances. Essay 1: Which orientalist views does David Henry Hwang attack, and how effectively does he do it, in your opinion? Reference all relevant readings up to week 5 for this essay. Essay 2: What makes the concept of a â€Å"model minority† problematic and/or compelling in the twentieth century? Reference all relevant readings from weeks 5-10 for this essay. OPTION: You are welcome to turn in a traditional essay for this assignment. If you earned at least a B on your first essay, you may choose to make a short video between 5-7 minutes in length answering this same question and including at least 3 substantive, specific references to historical content from your readings. You may work with a partner if you choose to make a video. Both members of the group must have earned at least a B on the first essay. Prof. Kwak reserves the right to show your video in class if you choose this option. What is the purpose of these essays? What I am really looking for in these papers is first and foremost, your ability to articulate an original argument. Think carefully about what YOU want to say; do not just regurgitate. The second critical component of the essays is to demonstrate your understanding of the readings and to show me you know how to use quotes. Quotes should never be just put into your writing without explanation or discussion; each quote requires scrutiny, analysis. How will the optional video project be graded? The video project will be graded based upon three key criteria. First, does it clearly answer the central question? Second, are the three historical references used effectively and substantively? Third, how polished is the final product? Does it show careful thought, effort, and organization? Midterm and Final Exams: Midterm review sheets will be distributed exactly one week prior to the exam. Final exam review sheets will be distributed on the last day of lecture. You will not be tested on anything that is not on the review sheet. Exams will consist of short answers and fill-in questions. You should bring a blue book to both exams. Policy on lecture notes: I will not post or give out my lecture notes. Please do not ask for them. Powerpoint presentations will always be posted 24 hours AFTER the lecture. Academic honesty: Academic honesty is expected at all times. Any instance of plagiarism will be dealt with according to university and departmental policies. Schedule: FIRST HALF Week 1 Th 9/27 Course intro: What is Asian America? Week 2 Tu 10/2 Coolies, miners, and railroad workers Th 10/4 Nineteenth-century American orientalism Read for section: Major Problems, ch. 1. John Luther Long, Madame Butterfly Week 3 Tu 10/9 Labor and anti-Asian movements Th 10/11 Legal rights Read for section:

All Quite on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque Essay -- war, de

Away from the front lines, soldiers are perceived and act as individuals, however, when pulled to the front, they come together creating and inseparable bond of camaraderie. Remarque’s All Quite on the Western Front illustrates the true content of war. The soldiers of the front lines fought with a common purpose, putting aside other desires and denying personal needs, creating a flagrant bond of camaraderie. Through this camaraderie Paul Baumer finds life on the front lines bearable, as we see in the relationships the soldiers share. Through Paul’s protection of his comrades, the family like relationship between the soldiers and the development of a close bond during free time, Remarque shows that the most important aspect of war is undoubtedly camaraderie. Soldiers in WWI had only each other to depend on for any chance of survival. Paul reveals this time and again by protecting and trusting those around him. Paul says once â€Å"we had to recognize that our generation was more to be trusted that theirs. They surpass us only in phrases and in cleverness† (Remarque 12-13). He is referring to the older generations who are not fighting on the front with Paul and his comrades, and still describe the war as glorious. Paul understands that camaraderie is based on common experience, something only the front line soldiers live through and thus understand. Because these common experiences exist, Paul also shows compassion to especially the younger, new recruits. While in the trenches, a young recruit â€Å"lay in utter terror. He had buried his face in his hands. He looked up, pushing the helmet off and like a child crept under [Paul’s] arm†¦the little shoulders heaved. Shoulders like Kemmerich’s† (Remarque 61). Paul’s compassion for the young soli... ...â€Å"a more complete communion with one another than even lovers†¦so intimate we do not even speak† this forever known camaraderie is set in stone for when one part is lost it leaves the group weak (Remarque 94). This is portrayed when Kat dies and Paul is left alone. He realizes since his comrades are no longer living, there is no one left for him and he gives up. He knew nothing but death and dying without the camaraderie in the war. War is a series of deaths for a greater gain for the people who do not fight at the front. However while on the front it becomes a fight for life through battle and friendship. The bonds created allow success and support. The family bonds created in the trenches are the most important effect of war and debatably the only good one. Throughout war it is seen that these relationships are the only light, in the never-ending darkness of war.

High School Diploma/Equivalency vs. College Degree

Frederick D. Huff, Jr. Rhonda Steel English 102 College Degree Vs. High School Diploma/Equivalency or No diploma at all â€Å"To be or not to be? , that is the question. † This is the opening statement of a soliloquy that was used in the playwright Hamlet by the great William Shakespeare. I guess you may be wondering why I would open with such a statement for a research proposal. This is what comes to my mind with I think about the ethics and importance of education.Whether this be the achievement of obtaining a college degree or just settling for a high school diploma is, the importance that each of these holds lies within the person that is getting the education. As I analyze and gain a further understanding of what true education means to me, I seem to gain a sense that defining what it means to have a true education for one seems to be undermined by many.Though this may come off as an aggressive approach towards addressing the selected topic of which I have chosen to prese nt my rhetorical analysis, I would like to state that it makes sense to me that many would agree that higher education is the key to all success, financially, materialistically, or spiritually. I say this because in mind, an education is just simply pursuing the subject that your soul is most passionate for. Through discovering what that passion is, you would strive in reaching the greatest point possible in that specific field as you can.Although it seems like this topic may be something that everyone would take a great importance to, it is quite surprising to see the responses given when citizens, including fellow students, are asked â€Å"Why do you feel education is important to the growth of the American Economy and why you find education to be important? † I feel this is a broad topic that can meet the requirements that need to be fulfilled for this assignment. I feel that this is a very appropriate topic for discussions as each of the individuals taking this online cou rse are currently considered to be students in pursuit of a college education.This topic also comes in correspondence of the requirements that need to be met for the research proposal as listed in the assignment prompt. Whether or not that college education is limited to an associate’s degree or a doctorate in Physiological engineering, the education obtained would still be considered a form of higher education. This can be a very open topic full of ideas but I feel I can centralize my stance in a general direction that all can relate to. Being the author, or writer as stated in the question, I could see this being a topic of interest for many.Including my fascination of education and why I feel it is an absolute necessity for our existence as American citizens, this passion could definitely feed over to valid and credible points of the difference between being college educated and just high school educated. This is a diverse topic and I feel it should be acknowledged. In my opinion, education is very important and must be an essential part of each functioning citizen. These reasoning coming from my perspective may be sort of bias and can pretty much tell how I feel regarding this topic, education is the reason why some of todays leaders have gotten to the point that they are in.I will be the first male in my family to not only attend a division 1 four year University but I will also be the first to receive a college degree. I think that this experience has not only changed my well being as a human but has also enlightened me with greater values and ethics that I now take a lot more serious then I did before. In conclusion, I know that the questions â€Å"Is it really as beneficial as it seems to be college educated or is that just a statement used for people for those that do want to go onto higher education?Why does it seem like there is becoming a greater standard for the education system and why is it becoming more of a mandate for everyone to stri ve for higher education? Does it really require a college education to be a success in America or is success just a state of mind? † all come to mind. As I stated before, this can only come from the individual receiving the education but the real question should be â€Å"Do you value yourself enough to achieve greater through your education? † Education: The Single Most Important Job. † Edutopia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Diversity and Higher Education: Theory and Impact on Educational Outcomes – Harvard Educational Review – Volume 72, Number 3 / Fall 2002 – Harvard Education Publishing Group. † Diversity and Higher Education: Theory and Impact on Educational Outcomes – Harvard Educational Review – Volume 72, Number 3 / Fall 2002 – Harvard Education â€Å"Open Educational Resources. † Hewlett Foundation News. N. p. , n. d. Web. 13

English Distincive Voice Essay

Distinctive voices are used create meaning and change which explores aspects of human experiences. The texts examined are Severn Cullis Suzuki, 9th Earl Spencers Eulogy for Princess Diana and Pink, Dear Mr President. The voices in these text include and environmental activist, voice of the innocent, grieving brother, everyman, lobbyist and remonstrator. All these voices have the ability to change societies view on an issue. The composers of these texts have had human experiences of grief, concern of the environment and concern for social equality. The distinctive voice of an environmental activist, innocence and remonstrator is expressed in Severn Cullis Suzuki Earth Summit. These voices portray the human experiences of having a concern of the environment, being part of a lobby group and seeing the destruction of the earth and wanted an end to poverty. Introduction and purpose, ‘I’m Servern Cullis speaking for ECO- The Environmental Children’s Organisation’ shows the distinctive voice of an activist exploring Suzuki’s human experience as the founder of ECO. Comparison, ‘In Canada, we live the privileged life†¦ Two days ago here in Brazil, we were shocked when we spent time with kids living on the streets’, clearly shows the difference between countries and seeing this, Suzuki has developed the voice of innocence exploring the human experience of Suzuki wanting a world without poverty. The voice of a remonstrator is developed, through the pleading tone, ‘If you don’t know how to fix it, please stop breaking it! ’. Severn Cullis blames the adults for this destruction of the earth that she has experienced. She wants the adults to change their ways. This remonstrating voice explores the human experience of being a part of a lobby. Exclusive language gives the adults a goal through the use of the cliche, ‘I challenge you please make your actions reflect your words’, which demands the adults to change their ways portraying the remonstrator. The voices throughout this text effectively represent the human experiences, demanding the audience to change their actions towards the environment for which Suzuki has seen the destruction of. Similarly, the voice of the remonstrator is evident in 9th Earl Spencer, Eulogy for Princess Diana. Both texts have the voice of a remonstrator as they plea to an issue both composers have experienced. The voice of a grieving brother, everyman and remonstrator explores aspects of human experiences for 9th Earl Spencer. These voices explore the human experience of grief. The voice of a grieving brother is portrayed through the use of emotive language, ‘I stand before you today, the representative of a family in grief’, showing the human experience of Earl Spencer as the young brother of Princess Diana. Earl Spencer, acknowledges the great life of Princess Diana which creates a sense of sadness for the audience as they listen in silence, through the allusion, metaphor and allusion, ‘ Today is our chance to say ‘thank you’ for the way your brightened our lives, even though God granted you but a half a life’. The voice of an everyman speaks for the entire world. Inclusive language and metaphor, ‘We are all chewed up with sadness at loss of a woman who wasn’t even our mother’, shows the importance of Princess Diana, that the whole world is deeply saddened by her death. This explores the aspect of a human experience, of the entire world that are in grief and shock after Diana’s death. The voice of a remonstrator explores the human experience of Princess Diana being chased by the media. Earl Spencer speaks of the media as being the cause if her death. ‘She never understood why her genuinely good intentions were sneered at by the media’, creates the voice of the remonstrator which explores Earls experience of Diana and how she felt towards the media. The voice of the remonstrator is also conveyed in Severn Cullis Suzuki’s speech which demand a change and creates emotion. The voice of citizen, the voice of society and remonstrator explore aspects of human experiences in Dear President. These voices which are present in the song represent human experience of seeing the president not doing his job and the rights of people being taken away. ‘Rebuilding your house after the bombs took them away’, creates imagery of the bombs and house expressing the voice of a citizen that effectively explores the human experience of a concerned citizen as Pink see’s the struggle that American citizens endured in their life. The American citizen voice effectively represents the human experiences, as the responder is able to emphasize on societies hardships that Pink has seen. ‘What do you feel when you see all the homeless on the street? ’, creates the voice of society through rhetorical question and imagery, portraying the negative human experience of Pink, as she has seen many citizens living on the streets. Pink questions the president which emotively appeals to the audience as they reflect on the President’s job. Formal register, ‘Come take a walk with me’ is an invitation for the president to listen to Pink’s opinions creating the oice of a remonstrator. ‘Let’s pretend were just two people and you’re not better than me’, shows the human experience of Pink and how she feels inequality as the President sees himself as better than society. Pink pleads her opinions to the President through rhetorical questions creating a remonstrating voice. This voice asks the audience to consider the President and what he has done. Dear Mr President, Severn Cullis Suzuki Earth Summit and 9th Earl Spencer Eulogy for Princess Diana have the voice of a remonstrator, which appeals to the audience emotively as it changes their view on an issue. These texts reveal the human experiences of grief, concern of the environment and concern for society through the voices of an environmental activist, the innocent, grieving brother, everyman, citizen, society and remonstrator. The composers have effectively used language to create distinctive voices including emotive language which explores human experiences of the composer and creates meaning for the responder. Distinctive voices are important in representing human experiences as the voice has the ability to demand change and a view on an issue.

IN INSTRUCTIONS Example

IN INSTRUCTIONS Example IN INSTRUCTIONS – Coursework Example Animal Testing Animal testing is one of the most controversial issues that are still discussed worldwide. Some may even say that it is quite ubiquitous, and the debate should stop. However, there is still no simple answer to the questions concerning justification of animal testing. More so, this topic touches such spheres as religion, science and politics. I know that animal testing have been in place for centuries and it is still needed for development of science. Of course, methods used can and should be changed as sometimes animals are exposed to excessive and meaningless suffering. As far as scientists are concerned, they argue that it is impossible to move further without tests and it is better to use animals before people participation in experiments (Mason, 2015). For scientists, animal testing is the necessary evil that is crucial for achievement of the overall good. At the same time, those who fight for animals’ rights keep saying that animal testing should be complet ely banned, as animals suffer from intolerable pain. These groups exert pressure on officials and politicians who often try to satisfy their demands. Thus, the government put certain restrictions on animal testing in cleaning products production (Mason, 2015). Notably, politicians imposed partial restrictions, which led to dissatisfaction of both groups: scientists and activists. It is important to note that politicians take certain sides in their desire to win more votes. The problem affects politics in this particular way. As for religious aspects, the issue reveals certain controversy of religious beliefs and paradigms. Christianity used to have quite a specific view on the matter as animals were seen as God’s gifts that can be used in any way. At present, Christians tend to focus on such concepts as animals and people as creations of God, animals having souls and so on. Christian leaders also try to address the problem, as they need to respond to issues that arise in the society to make people feel their guidance and support.Reference ListMason, R. (2015, March 12). Animal testing restrictions are wasted opportunity, say campaigners. The Guardian. Retrieved from theguardian.com/science/2015/mar/12/animal-testing-restrictions-wasted-opportunity-campaigners

Fair goal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fair goal - Essay Example me matches without selling it for the club or taking any money from them because if they saw it in the match we can also tell the other club to check it while we are using it in this match so they can know what is it and how it works. There was something like our product before but smaller and it was like a small electronic device inside the ball and if it pass the line will make a sound but they couldnt make it and they lost their product and their money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Competitors in this product will be few or no Competitors because as we said before it is new thing and no one tried it before. This is a great advantage to this, as it means we d not have to worry about having a unique seeing point or a strategy that is better than others. But we are afraid of one thing which is : What if someone after he saw our product try to make something like our product ? This is possible as all it takes is the idea for somebody to see and then claim it as their own and try to market it and make a profit for themselves. This will make us in big trouble because maybe he has support more than us or he have relations with people in the clubs and he can destroy us quickly and we will lose everything. This would be extremely bad for us in every way. But if we work fast and try our product in the small leagues and stay away from the big leagues we will be in the safe side and there will not be as much of a risk. We only want to make for us a name and to make the people know our products so when we get the chance to try it in the big leagues they will know it and will buy it from us. Because if we start in the Big league no one will try us but we can make a deal with one of the big clubs in the world like Barcelona and Real Madrid and we pay them some money to let us try our product in some of their matches so the people know about it more. So we want to start small and lower risks, and then if we are successful, we can then try bigger ventures and bigger clubs. The Strengths ,

Jury System of UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Jury System of UK - Essay Example But considering the complexity of many trials today - especially with the advances made in forensic science and the complexity of many civil trials, severe doubts regarding the efficacy of the jury system have been made. First of all, it is correct to consider whether a jury can in fact be "objective", especially when there has been a lot of pretrial publicity. Many studies have documented adverse effects of pre-trial publicity on juror decision making (Linz & Penrod, 1992; Otto, Penrod & Dexter, 1994; Ogloff & Vidmar, 1994; Studebaker & Penrod, 1997). These studies point out that jurors do not exist in a vacuum and are likely to have some opinion of a well-known case before they enter the courtroom. In many ways this can be linked to the ideas of groupthink. Just as the jury may be influenced by what the public outside supposedly 'thinks' regarding a case - usually influenced by the media - so as a whole they may come to conclusions based upon a kind of consensus feeling rather than rational thought. This type of situation has been called "groupthink". Janis Irving has created a perhaps more sober definition in which she describes groupthink as "a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action" (Irving, 1972). There are various interpretations and analyses of the practical results of groupthink that have occurred over the years. In the original article in which the term groupthink was postulated, Whyte described group think in the following way: We are not talking about mere instinctive conformity - it is, after all, a perennial failing of all mankind. What we are talking about is a rationalized conformity - an open, articulate philosophy which holds that group values are not only expedient but right and good as well. (Whyte, 1952) (emphasis added) One way of improving jury decisions, and thus making them more reliable, would be to actively educate juries on the dangers of groupthink before a trial starts. Just as their knowledge of the case, predisposition towards certain verdicts, experience of this type of crime/action are often tested through the process of voir-dire, so juries could be taught in a short workshop on the problems of groupthink and how to avoid them before the trial begins. There are various interpretations and analyses of the practical results of groupthink that have occurred over the years. Some, such as McCauley (1987) have concentrated on some of the more ominous sides of the tendency in which individuals may be swayed into ways of behaving that they would not otherwise consider. For example, extreme cases of groupthink can often be found within various religious cults, sometimes leading to disastrous and tragic consequences such as the mass suicides at Jonestown or of the Heaven's Gate group. These are thankfully rare examples of an extreme example of groupthink in which what may be a powerful good is turned into a destructive negativity because of the pathological nature of those who are leading the groupthink. Other cases of groupthink have been found within organizations of some of the most intellectual and highly educated people (who would not be expected to be easy 'followers' as were the mostly uneducated